Police stress and teacher stress at work and at home

This study compared police officers and teachers in three communities--which varied in size, geographical location, and economic base--for differences in perceived occupational stress and for differences in the patterns of perceived job stress, perceived nonjob stress, and both perceived job and life stressors. For police officers, higher levels of job stress were associated with higher levels on measures of perceived job stressors. This relationship varied from city to city, with the relationship holding for the city in which both police operations and school operations were relatively normal, with no difference between police and teachers in the city in which the school administration was in conflict with its employees, and with a reversal in the city in which the police administration was noted for its excellent management skills.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/29609/1/0000698.pd

A highly invasive human glioblastoma pre-clinical model for testing therapeutics

Animal models greatly facilitate understanding of cancer and importantly, serve pre-clinically for evaluating potential anti-cancer therapies. We developed an invasive orthotopic human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) mouse model that enables real-time tumor ultrasound imaging and pre-clinical evaluation of anti-neoplastic drugs such as 17-(allylamino)-17-demethoxy geldanamycin (17AAG). Clinically, GBM metastasis rarely happen, but unexpectedly most human GBM tumor cell lines intrinsically possess metastatic potential. We used an experimental lung metastasis assay (ELM) to enrich for metastatic cells and three of four commonly used GBM lines were highly metastatic after repeated ELM selection (M2). These GBM-M2 lines grew more aggressively orthotopically and all showed dramatic multifold increases in IL6, IL8, MCP-1 and GM-CSF expression, cytokines and factors that are associated with GBM and poor prognosis. DBM2 cells, which were derived from the DBTRG-05MG cell line were used to test the efficacy of 17AAG for treatment of intracranial tumors. The DMB2 orthotopic xenografts form highly invasive tumors with areas of central necrosis, vascular hyperplasia and intracranial dissemination. In addition, the orthotopic tumors caused osteolysis and the skull opening correlated to the tumor size, permitting the use of real-time ultrasound imaging to evaluate antitumor drug activity. We show that 17AAG significantly inhibits DBM2 tumor growth with significant drug responses in subcutaneous, lung and orthotopic tumor locations. This model has multiple unique features for investigating the pathobiology of intracranial tumor growth and for monitoring systemic and intracranial responses to antitumor agents